Glossary

Jōtoku

承徳

Term · calendar

Japanese era name (承徳) for the years 1097–1099: 1097 is Jōtoku 1 (元年) and Jōtoku 3 is 1099. Jōtoku (承徳) is a Japanese era name (nengō), proclaimed in 1097. Its years are counted in lunar years from the new year before the proclamation: 1097 is Jōtoku 1 (元年), 1099 its last year, Jōtoku 3. A Japanese source dates a year within it as “Jōtoku 2” (承徳2年) rather than by a continuous count. Before: Eichō. After: Kōwa.